J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2023; 15(3): 293-301 | DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2023.2023-3-20

Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Validity and Reliability of the Parent Diabetes Distress Scale

Seher Karahan¹, Ezgi Aðadayý¹, Seda Aybüke Sarý², Nurullah Çelik³, Ayça Kömürlüoðlu Tan⁴, Esra Döðer^5
1Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Education, Sivas, Turkey
²Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hatay, Turkey
³Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Sivas, Turkey
⁴Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Sivas, Turkey
⁵Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish translation of the Parent Diabetes Distress Scale (PDDS).
METHODS: The PDDS is a 5-point Likert-type scale with 20 items. After obtaining permission from the scale developers, the study commenced. First, a systematic adaptation of the scale into the Turkish language was performed including translation, expert panel review, back translation, and pilot study. Test-retest was applied to 35 participants. After these procedures, data collection was undertaken using the adapted PDDS and a demographic data collection form. The collected data were analyzed for reliability, including stability of the scale with test-retest and internal consistency of the scale (Cronbach’s α), and validity including construct validity of the scale with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).
RESULTS: The parents of 210 teenagers, aged >11 and <18 years, who had been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus for at least one year were included. Of these parents, 71.9% (n=151) were mothers and 53.3% (n=112) of the children were girls. The Cronbach’s α value was 0.906. The results of the CFA were χ2/df=4.406, p<0.001, comparative fit test 0.704, and goodness of fit tests 0.749. The mean total PDDS score was 2.2±0.7. These results indicate that scores of 1.6 points or less was evaluated as “little or no distress” 1.7-2.4 as “moderate distress,” and >2.4 points as “high distress”. This showed that the majority of the parents in the study experienced moderate or severe diabetes-related distress.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The Turkish version of the PDDS fulfilled the validity and reliability tests at an acceptable level.

Keywords: Type 1 diabetes, adolescent, scale, reliability, validity, parent stress

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