Association of Total and High Molecular Weight Adiponectin with Components of Metabolic Syndrome in Mexican Children

Objective: Childhood obesity linked to metabolic alterations, tend to appear simultaneously with altered adipocytokines, suggesting a role in pathogenetic development. Low circulating level of total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin have been associated with components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and could represent an independent risk factor with potential use as a biomarker. To examine the prevalence of MetS in Mexican school children and to investigate the association of total and HMW adiponectin levels with biochemical parameters related to MetS.
Methods: The study included a population of boys and girls, from 8 to 11 years old. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were evaluated according to weight and MetS status. A correlation analysis was fitted to establish an association between adiponectin concentrations and metabolic indicators.
Results: One-hundred and fifty five children participated (59.4% females) from 8-11 years of age. The prevalence of MetS was of 10.3%. Impaired biochemical parameters, including total and HMW adiponectin, were associated with obesity. The adiponectin level was significantly lower in MetS than in non-MetS subjects (4.5 vs. 5.4 µg/mL). Total- but not HMW adiponectin concentration was negatively correlated with blood pressure, fasting insulin, fasting blood sugar and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance.
Conclusion: In young children, the total adiponectin level is associated with impaired biochemical parameters of carbohydrate metabolism and could be an excellent early predictor of metabolic complications.