ISSN: 1308-5727 | E-ISSN: 1308-5735
Volume : 13 Issue : 1 Year : 2024
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Turkish Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes
Frequency of Celiac Disease and Spontaneous Normalization Rate of Celiac Serology in Children and Adolescent Patients with Type 1 Diabetes [J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol]
J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2021; 13(1): 72-79 | DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2020.2020.0108

Frequency of Celiac Disease and Spontaneous Normalization Rate of Celiac Serology in Children and Adolescent Patients with Type 1 Diabetes

Edip Unal1, Meliha Demiral1, Birsen Baysal2, Mehmet Ağın3, Elif Gökçe Devecioğlu4, Hüseyin Demirbilek5, Mehmet Nuri Özbek1
1Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diyarbakır, Turkey
2Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Paediatrics, Diyarbakır, Turkey
3Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Diyarbakır, Turkey
4Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pathology, Diyarbakır, Turkey
5Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey

Objective: he prevalence of celiac disease (CD) varies between 1% and 10% in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This study aimed to determine the frequency of spontaneous recovery of celiac serology and the biopsy-proven CD (BPCD) frequency in patients with T1DM.
Methods: The data of 668 patients with available celiac serology tests from a total of 779 patients who were followed for the last 10 years with the diagnosis of T1DM were retrospectively evaluated.
Results: Positive serology was detected in 103 out of 668 (15.4%) patients. There was spontaneous normalization in 24 (23.3%), fluctuation in 11 (10.7%) and permanently positive serology in 68 (66%). In 46 out of 53 (86.8%) patients with positive serology and biopsy, CD diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy (BPCD). The frequency of BPCD was 6.9%, and the serology in 76.1% was positive at the time of diagnosis of T1DM. The weight, height and body mass index-standard deviation score at diagnosis were lower in patients with BPCD compared to the group without CD. An anti-tissue transglutaminase-IgA (anti-TTG-IgA) level of 11.8 times the upper limit of normal was the most sensitive (93%) and specific (90%) cut-off for BPCD (area under the curve: 0.95; 95% confidence interval: 0.912-1; p<0.001).
Conclusion: In our cohort, the frequency of positive serology for CD was 15.4%, while the rate of BPCD was 6.9%. The majority (97.8%) of cases were diagnosed within the first five years of T1DM. In 23.3% of cases, positive anti-TTG-IgA spontaneously resolved without a gluten-free diet (GFD). Therefore, serological follow-up instead of immediate duodenal biopsy or GFD therapy, particularly for patients with asymptomatic and mild anti-TTG IgA level, is warranted.

Keywords: Celiac disease, children, spontaneous normalization, type 1 diabetes


Manuscript Language: English
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