The Relationship Between Blood Pressure and Sleep Duration in Turkish Children: A Cross-Sectional Study
Cengiz Bal1, Ahmet Öztürk2, Betül Çiçek3, Ahmet Özdemir4, Gökmen Zararsız2, Demet Ünalan5, Gözde Ertürk Zararsız2, Selçuk Korkmaz6, Dinçer Göksülük7, Vahap Eldem8, Sevda İsmailoğulları9, Emine Erdem10, Mümtaz M Mazıcıoğlu11, Selim Kurtoğlu121Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Eskişehir, Turkey2Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics; Erciyes Teknopark, Turcosa Analytics Solutions Ltd. Co, Kayseri, Turkey
3Erciyes University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Kayseri, Turkey
4Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Kayseri, Turkey
5Erciyes University Halil Bayraktar Health Services Vocational College, Kayseri, Turkey
6Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Edirne, Turkey
7Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Ankara, Turkey
8İstanbul University Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, İstanbul, Turkey
9Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Kayseri, Turkey
10Erciyes University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pediatric Nursing, Kayseri, Turkey
11Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
12Memorial Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Kayseri, Turkey
Objective: As in adults, hypertension is also an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease in children. We aimed to evaluate the effect of sleep duration on blood pressure in normal weight Turkish children aged between 11-17 years.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the primary and secondary schools of the two central and ten outlying districts of Kayseri, Turkey. Subjects were 2860 children and adolescents (1385 boys, 1475 girls). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured according to the recommendations of the Fourth Report of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. Sleep duration was classified as follows: ?8 hours, 8.1-8.9 hours, 9.0-9.9 hours or ?10 hours.
Results: For short sleeper boys and girls (participants with a sleep duration ?8 h) the prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension was 35.0% and 30.8%, respectively. In univariate binary logistic regression analyses (age-adjusted), each unit increment in sleep duration (hours) in boys and girls, decreased the prehypertension and hypertension risk by 0.89 [odds ratio (OR)] [confidance interval (CI); 0.82-0.98] and 0.88 (OR) (CI; 0.81-0.97), respectively (p<0.05). In multiple binary logistic regression analyses [age- and body mass index (BMI)-adjusted] the location of the school and sleep duration categories were shown to be the most important factors for prehypertension and hypertension in both genders, while household income was the most important factor, only in boys.
Conclusions: A sleep duration ?8 h is an independent risk factor for prehypertension and hypertension in Turkish children aged 11-17 years.
Manuscript Language: English
